Our latest special issue featuring a combination of Scientists of Tomorrow, showcasing UCL’s future scientists…
Category: Issue 13
The article discusses the perception of alcohol as a toxin despite its cultural acceptance in places like the UK. It highlights the health risks associated with heavy drinking, links to cancer, and its effects on young adults. While some studies suggest benefits of moderate drinking, WHO emphasizes no safe level. Solutions for reducing alcohol consumption include stricter marketing regulations.
The 2022 monkeypox outbreak has raised global health concerns, with cases reported beyond endemic regions, prompting the WHO to declare it a global emergency. The disease, caused by the orthopoxvirus, primarily spreads through animal contact and human interactions, especially among homosexual men. Although lower mutation rates exist, effective treatments remain necessary.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious global health threat, with 1.27 million deaths in 2019 linked to resistant bacteria. Bacteriophages, viruses that target bacteria, present potential alternatives to antibiotics due to their specificity, self-replicating capability, and lower side effects. However, challenges such as specificity limits and safety concerns remain, prompting ongoing research into phage therapy.
The majority of model organisms in scientific research develop directly, but indirect life cycles with distinct larval stages are prevalent across Metazoa. These larvae show diverse morphologies and functions, with some feeding and others relying on maternal reserves. Recent studies highlight genetic similarities and differences, suggesting evolutionary patterns among larval forms.
University poses significant challenges for students, exacerbated by pandemic effects and rising inequality. Mental health support is inadequate, intensified by socio-economic barriers. While “Mental Health First Aid” courses aim to help, evidence of their effectiveness is lacking. Comprehensive evaluations are necessary before further initiatives are implemented to support student well-being.
The article by Nirvan Marathe examines the evolving role of zoos amid growing concerns about animal rights and welfare. While zoos claim to focus on conservation and education, ethical issues and the psychological effects on captive animals raise significant questions about their relevance. Alternatives like virtual reality could reshape public interaction with wildlife.
Chimerism in humans refers to the existence of two or more genetically distinct cell lines within a single organism, which can occur naturally or artificially. Types include microchimerism, fusion chimerism, and twin chimerism. Often undetected, chimerism can complicate DNA testing and forensic analysis, leading to potential issues like false negatives.
The human microbiome, comprising diverse microorganisms, significantly impacts health, including digestion and mental well-being. While probiotics and prebiotics show promise, their use should be approached cautiously due to possible risks. Further research on the microbiome’s role and safety of supplements is crucial for understanding its complex influence on health and disease prevention.
The opioid crisis in America arose from increased prescriptions and misrepresentation by pharmaceutical companies, leading to widespread addiction and overdose deaths. Regulatory failures allowed easy access to addictive drugs, exacerbating the epidemic. Communities, especially those with lower socioeconomic status, suffer disproportionately. Comprehensive interventions are necessary to address disparities and curb the crisis.
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